|
Food safety in China (中华人民共和国的食品安全) is a growing concern relating to agriculture. China's principal crops are rice, corn, wheat, soybeans, and cotton in addition to apples and other fruits and vegetables.〔USDA (China - Key Statistics )〕〔(China - Key Statistics ) 2005〕 China's principal livestock products include pork, beef, dairy, and eggs.〔 The Chinese government oversees agricultural production as well as the manufacture of food packaging, containers, chemical additives, drug production, and business regulation. In recent years, the Chinese government attempted to consolidate food safety regulation with the creation of the State Food and Drug Administration of China in 2003; officials have also been under increasing public and international pressure to solve food safety problems. Chinese Vice Premier Li Keqiang said, "Food is essential, and safety should be a top priority. Food safety is closely related to people's lives and health and economic development and social harmony," at a State Council meeting in Beijing. == Overview == The growing unrest over food safety in China reached a climax in early 2007, shortly after circulation to the State Council of an Asian Development Bank policy note based on a technical assistance project in collaboration with the State Food and Drug Administration and the World Health Organization. The note and a subsequent report applauded increased efforts by the Chinese government but noted remaining gaps, calling in particular for urgent reforms to strengthen and streamline inter-agency coordination and enact an overarching "basic food law". The State Food and Drug Administration of China also published a survey in early 2007 where 65% of the respondents expressed concern about food safety. Shortly afterwards, Lu Jianzhong, a member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), and China's Vice Premier, Wu Yi, issued statements of apology and promised to create a food safety monitoring system.〔China Digital Times (Apologies for food safety in china )〕 China's food regulations are complex, its monitoring system can be unresponsive, and the government departments that oversee and enforce policies have overlapping and often ambiguous duties. There are around ten national government departments that share the responsibility to ensure food safety. There are also numerous provincial and local agencies that monitor local food production and sales. The food and drug laws themselves have been created "in an ad hoc way without the benefit of a basic food law," as Henk Bekedam of the World Health Organization told the Wall Street Journal (9 April 2007, B1).〔Zamiska, Nicholas. "Who's Monitoring Chinese Food Exports?" ''Wall Street Journal.'' April 9, 2007. Pg. B1.〕 The last major revision of the food and drug laws was made in 1995〔China Laws and Regulations of Food, Drug, and Cosmetics. ( "Food Hygiene Law of the People's Republic of China." )〕 when the Food Hygiene Law of the People's Republic of China established general food safety principles. Both the State Council and the departments under the State Council can issue regulations and directives concerning food.〔China Laws and Regulations of Food, Drug, and Cosmetics. ("Regulations and Directives on Food" )〕 Changes in China's food production system are generating an awareness of food safety problems. China's agricultural system is composed mostly of small land-holding farmers〔Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. ("East Asia" )〕 and subsistence agriculture. China, however, has less arable land than other nations and farmers intensively use fertilizer and pesticides to maintain high food production.〔Gale, Fred. "China at a Glance: A Statistical Overview of China's Food and Agriculture." April 2002. (Agricultural Information Bulletin No. AIB775 )〕 Food is sold in both open air markets and urban supermarkets, and by the late 1990s, China's farms were adapting to more specialized crop production as the local markets become more connected to the national and international markets. However, local authorities largely control food regulation enforcement〔Gale, Fred. "Regions in China: One Market or Many?." April 2002. (Agricultural Information Bulletin No. AIB775 )〕 unless the central government steps in. As urban consumers' incomes increase, the demand for quality food goods, safer production, and processed foods also increases, and urban residents and supermarkets attract more national and media attention to food problems.〔Gale, Fred. "Chinese Household Food Spending and Income." January, 2007. (Economic Research Report ERR-32 )〕 On July 10, 2007, Zheng Xiaoyu, the former head of State Food And Drug Administration, was executed by lethal injection for taking bribes from various firms in exchange for state licenses related to product safety.〔( China food safety head executed )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Food safety in China」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|